Scaling engines really is something that doesn't work like you would expect. You must understand that 100kW of power is 100kW of power whether it is from a 1.4L racing engine or a 4L diesel.
As engines get smaller in size their potential effeciency goes down but the required specific power rating (kW/L) to achieve a suitable output increases.
As engines get bigger their potential effeciency increases but the required specific power output needed to produce a good output power is lower.
Example: two engines one is a 1L V12 and the other is a 4L inline 4.
If you need an output of 200kW then the 1L V12 needs to produce 200kW/L whereas the 4L I4 only needs to produce 50kW/L.
Note that the 4L engine has the potential to be as much as 12% more effecient!
Now it is cool to know that the S2000 makes almost 120hp/L but it's total power is still only 240hp...
the C6 Z06 corvette only manages to produce alittle over 72hp/L but it's total of 505hp stomps the S2000.
HP/L is only a rating of how much air and fuel can flow through the engine per displacement.
-It has nothing to do with effeciency
-the higher the specific output the more energy you are wasting
-having a higher specific output means nothing, only total power does.
-Increasing specific output is only necessary when you are stuck with a certain amount of displacement.
Power, whether measured as HP, PS, or KW is what accelerates cars and gets it up to top speed. Power also determines how far you take a wall when you hit it
Engine torque is an illusion.