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    Toyota Avensis (T250) 2003-2009

    The Toyota Avensis

    • A complete range of petrol and diesel engines
    • Among the sector’s best-sellers
    • Debut of the Clean Power family

    Toyota Avensis is Toyota’s flagship in Europe.
    2004 has been the best year ever for Toyota Avensis, selling just over 145,000 units in the European market, which represents an increase of 25% over the previous year. Avensis is also number one in the segment for petrol sales. Toyota Avensis has now climbed to fifth place in the European D segment in terms of new car registrations, a dramatic improvement since the model was introduced to the market. The addition of two brand new 2.2 D-4D diesel engines (with 150 DIN hp and 177 DIN hp) represents a significant step forward. These are the first two members of the Clean Power diesel engine family, offering extra performance and lower emissions in one package.
    With the arrival of the new 2.2 D-4D engines, Avensis will offer customers one of the most comprehensive diesel engine ranges in the segment. The existing 116 hp 2.0 D-4D is the entry-level engine, followed by a 150 hp 2.2 D-4D as the mid-power offer and, finally, the 177 hp 2.2 D-4D, which will cover the high-power band of this segment. Thanks to these two new engines, Toyota Avensis will now satisfy up to 95% of the customer needs in the diesel D segment. With the addition of these new engines, Toyota Avensis receives other important upgrades, including a new exterior colour (Storm Grey) and a new gearlever design (specific to the new 2.2 D-4D units).

    Engine construction

    • All aluminium construction
    • World’s lowest diesel compression ratio
    • Ceramic glow plugs

    In 2001, Toyota took the aluminium engine block of the 1.5-litre petrol engine installed in the Yaris as a base for its 1.4-litre D-4D diesel. For the new 2.2 D-4D engines, Toyota has adopted the aluminium block of the AZ petrol engine family, to which the 2.0-litre and 2.4-litre units (both also available in the Avensis) belong.
    As a result, the two versions of the 2.2 D-4D engine – 150 DIN hp and 177 DIN hp – are lighter than other competitor engines that have adopted a traditional cast-iron block. One of the secrets to the great efficiency and low NVH of the new 2.2 D-4D engines is their low compression ratio. At 15.8:1, the 177 DIN hp 2.2 D-4D engine boasts the world’s lowest compression ratio among production diesel engines. The 150 DIN hp version utilises 16.8:1, also a significantly low figure. Toyota has equipped the new 177 hp 2.2-litre D-4D engine with a new generation of ceramic glow plugs, able to reach much higher temperatures – 100 °C more than the previous generation of ceramic plugs. This allows a reduction of emissions and quicker start on cold conditions.

    Injection and induction systems

    • Piezoelectric technology
    • Electrically-activated turbocharger
    • Low-inertia turbine wheel

    The new 177 hp 2.2 D-4D engine uses piezoelectric technology for the first time in this engine size. Piezoelectric injectors can inject larger volumes of fuel and are twice as fast as solenoid injectors, since the nozzle needle can lift and close quicker. Toyota’s piezoelectric common-rail system produces the highest injection pressure among systems of this type – 1800 bar. This state-of-the-art common-rail system is a central factor in achieving class-leading levels of power and torque, with high fuel efficiency. In addition, it puts Avensis at the top of D segment in terms of low NVH. This same engine also adopts an electrically-activated Variable Nozzle Turbocharger (VNT). Electrical activation allows the engine’s ECU to perform a more precise and progressive activation of the vanes, which helps increase the efficiency of the turbocharger. Compared with the 2.0-litre D-4D, the turbine wheel inertia has been lowered by 30% by reducing the number of blades and their thickness. This contributes to a much quicker response at low speeds.

    Toyota D-CAT

    • Simultaneously reducing NOX and PM
    • Standard on the 177 hp 2.2 D-4D
    • 1,622 new patents for Toyota

    Toyota D-CAT (Diesel Clean Advanced Technology) is an integrated suite of technologies that combine to reduce harmful emissions to the lowest levels of any modern diesel engine, comfortably passing the forthcoming EURO IV standards thanks to its greatly reduced emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) and Particulate Matter (PM).
    When installed in the new 177 hp 2.2 D-4D, Toyota D-CAT results in drastically reduced emissions of both NOX and PM. Toyota D-CAT alone resulted in no fewer than 1,622 new patents being registered by Toyota.

    New 6-speed manual transmission

    • Improved gearchange
    • Exceptionally compact
    • Contributes to higher fuel efficiency
    Both 2.2 D-4D engines come coupled with a brand new 6-speed manual
    transmission that boasts a smooth, quick and precise gear-change. This has been made possible by the use of multi-cone synchronisers from first to fourth gears. It uses a slide ball bearing in the select lever shaft and fork shaft (for high shift efficiency), as well as a shift-guide plate to decrease the amount of free play after shift. The re-shaped mass damper also improves shift smoothness.
    The new gearbox’s construction is not only robust, but also exceptionally compact, at a mere 384 mm in length. This transmission adopts the lowest viscosity oil available today for manual transmissions which, alone, can bring a fuel consumption reduction of up to 1%. The adoption of a clutch self-adjustment system allows a reduction on the clutch cover load. This reduces face wear and means less initial effort to depress the clutch pedal. Furthermore, the feeling under partial clutch engagement is also greatly improved.

    Cost of ownership

    • One of the best insurance classifications
    • Extended oil change intervals
    • Lowest cumulative maintenance time

    The Avensis 2.2 D-4D aims to achieve one of the best insurance classifications in Germany (19) and UK (8E). The 2.2 D-4D engines adopt an Oil Maintenance Monitoring System (OMMS) which continuously monitors the conditions the engine is subjected to and determines the optimum oil change interval. In addition, the new engines match the existing 2.0 D-4D in terms of cumulative maintenance time after 100,000 km (4.2 hours). Both 2.2 D-4D engines provide a good level of performance with low CO2 emissions (156 g/km and 161 g/km respectively).
    Furthermore, the 177 hp 2.2 D-4D is eligible for a €600 tax benefit in the Netherlands, thanks to its standard Toyota D-CAT. In the future, it is expected that tax benefits for the Toyota D-CAT technology will also be conceded in Germany.

    The 150 hp 2.2 D-4D in detail

    • A balance of power and economy
    • Aiming at the segment’s mid-power band
    • Wide torque availability

    The 150 hp 2.2 D-4D aims to offer customers a well-balanced proposition of power and economy. In addition, it shares 85% of its components with the 177 hp version. This engine is positioned between the 2.0 D-4D, with 116 DIN hp, and the 177 hp 2.2 D-4D, thus representing the Avensis in the mid-power band of the diesel D segment, which is the sector’s ‘centre of gravity’. For this reason, Toyota expects this engine to be the best-selling in the Avensis range, taking 29% of the model’s total European sales in 2006. The 150 hp 2.2 D-4D’s strong point is its wide torque range – it delivers the same 310 Nm
    between 2,000 and 3,200 rpm.

    NVH and driving dynamics

    • Low compression ratio
    • Improved NVH package
    • Stiffer front anti-roll bar

    The 177 hp 2.2 D-4D engine has the world’s lowest compression ratio among production diesel engines. A low compression ratio reduces the compression build-up inside the cylinder and combustion chamber, consequently reducing the noise and vibration caused by each explosion. This effect is reinforced by its sophisticated piezoelectric injection system, which can perform multiple fuel injections at light and mid load. Furthermore, both 2.2 D-4D engines adopt a balancer shaft that produces a significant reduction in booming noise, particularly between 2,000 and 3,000 rpm. All Avensis equipped with the new diesel engines also benefit from an improved NVH package, featuring an acoustic windshield. In order to cope with the new engines, the Avensis has also received improvements in driving dynamics. The front anti-roll bar’s spring rate has been increased by 20%, resulting in less body-roll. The front shock absorbers’ damping force has increased, allowing for a flatter ride, and the powersteering pump capacity has been increased to allow for a quicker steering response.

    Manufacturing

    • Produced in Poland
    • An investment of €200 million
    • Creation of 950 new jobs

    The new Clean Power engine family is produced at a brand new plant, located
    in Jelcz-Laskowice, Poland. TMIP (Toyota Motor Industries Poland) is Toyota’s eighth production unit in Europe. A brand new plant for a brand new family of engines demonstrates Toyota’s commitment to providing European customers with the best diesel engines on the market. TMIP represents a total investment of €200 million. TMIP has created 330 jobs in the region and will create 620 more in the near future. Its workforce is young and dynamic (27 years-old average age), but also highly qualified, showing the necessary ingredients to offer quality products combined with high levels of productivity.

    2005 Toyota Avensis 2.2 D-4D #1
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